1.什么是spi
Java里有两种spi，一种是jdk自带的spi机制，也就是服务发现机制，但是这里的服务发现和我们分布式系统上的服务发现是不一样的，另一个就是springboot的spi机制，都是一种服务扩展机制。
2.spring的spi机制
我们面试的时候，会经常被问到springboot的工作原理，这时候会有人回答了，这个问题我知道，是使用的@SpringApplication注解，然后使用@EnableAutoConfiguration以及@ComponentScan自动装配，注解@EnableAutoConfiguration使用了@Import加载，最后使用了SpringFactoriesLoader反射出maven中META-INF下spring.factories。说的很对，的确是这样的。
3.SpringFactoriesLoader源码解析
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
public static <T> List<T> loadFactories(Class<T> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
Assert.notNull(factoryType, "'factoryType' must not be null");
ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
if (classLoader == null) {
classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
}
List<String> factoryImplementationNames = loadFactoryNames(factoryType, classLoaderToUse);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Loaded [" + factoryType.getName() + "] names: " + factoryImplementationNames);
}
List<T> result = new ArrayList(factoryImplementationNames.size());
Iterator var5 = factoryImplementationNames.iterator();
while(var5.hasNext()) {
String factoryImplementationName = (String)var5.next();
result.add(instantiateFactory(factoryImplementationName, factoryType, classLoaderToUse));
}
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(result);
return result;
}
从上面的源码，我们可以看到首先调用了loadFactoryNames方法，获取META-INF/spring.factories下的全类名，使用的方法也就是加载了META-INF/spring.factorie下的类名。
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
} else {
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();
while(var6.hasNext()) {
Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] var9 = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
int var10 = var9.length;
for(int var11 = 0; var11 < var10; ++var11) {
String factoryImplementationName = var9[var11];
result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
}
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
} catch (IOException var13) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var13);
}
}
}
然后可以看见，在loadFactories方法里调用了
result.add(instantiateFactory(factoryImplementationName, factoryType, classLoaderToUse));
这里根据全类名反射了这个类，可以看下这个方法的源码。
private static <T> T instantiateFactory(String factoryImplementationName, Class<T> factoryType, ClassLoader classLoader) {
try {
Class<?> factoryImplementationClass = ClassUtils.forName(factoryImplementationName, classLoader);
if (!factoryType.isAssignableFrom(factoryImplementationClass)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class [" + factoryImplementationName + "] is not assignable to factory type [" + factoryType.getName() + "]");
} else {
return ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(factoryImplementationClass, new Class[0]).newInstance();
}
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to instantiate factory class [" + factoryImplementationName + "] for factory type [" + factoryType.getName() + "]", var4);
}
}
4.springboot如何加载SpringFactoriesLoader
我们继续看源码。在SpringApplication源码中可以看见，调用了getSpringFactoriesInstances方法
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
可以看见，在 getSpringFactoriesInstances方法中调用了SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames获取了全类名，使用createSpringFactoriesInstances方法反射bean的实例，并在上述run方法中加载到Spring容器中。
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
原文：springboot自动装配之spi机制解析_sust_ly的博客-CSDN博客_springboot spi
作者： sust_ly